Oxytocin is a hormone pituitary nerve is commonly referred to as "birth needle" [1], the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the giant cell manufactured by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis transported to the nerve fibers to the posterior pituitary secretion, and then released into the blood. Mainly used in clinical birth abortion, postpartum bleeding and shortened third stage of labor. Besides a wide range of physiological functions, especially the role of the central nervous system.
Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the brain, both men and women. In women, it can cause uterine contractions during childbirth and stimulate milk secretion, and through maternal affection between mother and child to establish contact. In addition, it also reduces the human body such as stress hormone corticosterone levels, lower blood pressure.
Oxytocin stimulate the secretion of breast and uterine contraction dual role to stimulate breast-based, its physiological role and regulation of secretion described below.
Oxytocin is a close relationship between people's origins, the reason why people are eager to embrace love kissing precisely because oxytocin at work. Oxytocin levels rise when the body, it will subsequently be able to release a lot of stress relief, anti-aging hormone, better promote cell regeneration.
Physiological role:
(A) The role of the breast: lactating mammary gland in the role of prolactin secretion of milk constantly, stored in mammary acini being. Oxytocin can mammary gland epithelial cells surrounding muscle contraction,
Prompted with a row of milk lactating mammary gland function.
(2) of the uterus: uterine oxytocin to promote a strong contraction, but more sensitive uterine pregnancy. Estrogen can increase the sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin, while progesterone is the opposite.
(3) on the role of social shyness with autism: American "Psychological Science" magazine published a recent study found that oxytocin can help because of shyness and social situations of the people by the people out in the cold to overcome social shyness. Israel's Seaver Autism Research and Treatment Center and Columbia University scientists recent study found that in a person's nose spray oxytocin helps to overcome their social shyness, self-confidence, and can make it easier to "acceptable." However, oxytocin nasal spray on inherently confident person does not work.
(4) When a cheerful mood, or have a strong sense of belonging, the heart secretes oxytocin, the pressure to get relief. Meanwhile, the amount of oxygen the body tissue increased significantly.
Secretion regulation:
Oxytocin secretion is mainly affected by neurological reflex regulation. Baby sucking the nipple, the information passed to stimulate the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, causing oxytocin secretion, breast milk ejection, called the milk ejection reflex, belonging neuroendocrine reflex. On this basis, can form a conditioned reflex, or rubbing the baby's crying baby can cause milk ejection.
Childbirth, the cervix and vagina are oppressed and traction can cause reflex oxytocin secretion, helps childbirth. Must be noted that although oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, but it is not launching the determinants of labor contractions. In addition, emotional responses such as fear, anxiety inhibit oxytocin secretion.
Natural oxytocin as early as 1911 began to be used in clinical practice treatment prolonged labor, the 1927 is in clinical use for induction of labor, while in 1953 it was accurate determination of the structure of oxytocin and the first synthetic, not to say that the previous Oxytocin is not used clinically.
Effects on the fetus:
Oxytocin can be selectively excited uterine smooth muscle, causing contraction of the uterus, is a strong uterine contractions agent, mainly used for oxytocin, induction of labor and the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Intravenous infusion of oxytocin effect occurs 1 minute, so the speed can be adjusted to control the dose infusion, thereby controlling the intensity of uterine contractions. In childbirth if they can properly use, you can play a good induction or strengthen the role of uterine contractions, also known as birth role in the clinical application is extremely broad. But the application of oxytocin, it must be strictly medication methods, including the route of administration, medication velocity and concentration, with or without medication contraindications psychosis.
Oxytocin drug itself is not much impact on the fetus, but if oxytocin infusion rate is too fast, too much administration, may cause tonic or spasmodic contraction of the uterus, due to continued strong contraction of the uterus but not diastolic or diastolic very short time because of the birth canal stenosis or fetus is too large, malposition, etc., hinder the fetus, and the result caused by the lower uterine segment thinner and eventually rupture, causing bleeding pregnant women, fetal hypoxia. Or as a result of the above cause strong uterine contractions, childbirth without too much resistance when the fetus was delivered quickly, the entire production process is not more than three hours, called radical production. This will disinfect because of too late to protect the perineum, resulting in postpartum infection, birth canal laceration, neonatal fall injuries and other consequences. And if the contractions of long duration, intermittent short or without intermittent, affecting placental blood circulation, can easily cause acute fetal hypoxia, causing stillbirth or neonatal asphyxia.
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